Varicocele
Varicocele
Varicoceles occur when the valves within the veins that regulate blood flow in the spermatic cord don’t function correctly, leading to blood pooling and vein swelling. They are most common on the left side of the scrotum. Varicoceles are usually harmless and don’t require treatment unless they cause problems. In some cases, varicoceles can lead to infertility, but surgical repair can improve fertility outcomes.
Symptoms:
- Often painless: Many people with varicoceles have no symptoms.
- Possible symptoms:
- A dull ache or heaviness in the scrotum.
- A dragging sensation in the scrotum.
- Swelling in the scrotum.
- One testicle may appear smaller than the other.
- Pain that worsens with standing or exertion and improves when lying down.
Consequences:
- Infertility: Varicoceles can contribute to infertility by affecting sperm production and quality.
- Testicular atrophy: In some cases, varicoceles can lead to a shrinkage of the testicle on the affected side.
Diagnosis:
- Physical exam: A doctor can often diagnose a varicocele by examining the scrotum, especially when the person stands, takes a deep breath, and holds it.
- Ultrasound: An ultrasound of the scrotum may be done to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the varicocele.
Treatment options:
- Surgical repair: Surgery may be considered if the varicocele is causing pain, infertility, or testicular atrophy.
- Sclerotherapy: A procedure where a solution is injected into the veins to cause them to close.
- Embolization: A procedure where the veins are blocked off using a catheter inserted into the groin.
