Male Infertility:

Male infertility, the inability to impregnate a fertile female, after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse, can stem from various factors, including low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or blockages preventing sperm delivery, and affects approximately 30% of men.

Causes:

• • Sperm Problems:
  • Low sperm count (oligospermia): Fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen.
  • Poor sperm motility: Sperm unable to swim effectively.
  • Abnormal sperm shape: Sperm with malformations that hinder fertilization.
  • Azoospermia: Absence of sperm in semen.

• Hormonal Imbalances: Disruptions in the production of hormones like testosterone can affect sperm production.
• Testicular Problems: Conditions like varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum) or undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) can impact sperm production.
• Reproductive Tract Blockages: Blockages or absences in the tubes that carry sperm (vas deferens) can prevent sperm from being released.
• Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions, like Klinefelter syndrome, can lead to infertility.
• Infections: Infections like mumps or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can damage the reproductive system.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and exposure to certain environmental toxins can negatively affect sperm quality.
• Other Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers can also contribute to male infertility.