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Hypospadias
Hypospadias:
Hypospadias is a birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. It’s one of the most common congenital abnormalities in males.
Hypospadias Symptoms Abnormal location of the urethral opening, incomplete foreskin, and sometimes penile curvature
Diagnosis Physical exam soon after birth
Treatment Usually requires surgery to move the opening to the tip of the penis
Risks Bladder spasms, bleeding, wound complications, fistula, stricture
Other issues May be associated with undescended testicles, inguinal hernias, or ambiguous genitalia
Causes
- The cause of hypospadias is unknown, but it’s thought to occur during embryologic development
- Possible factors include genetics, endocrine factors, and environmental exposure
- Family history may play a role Treatment and prognosis
- Surgery is usually performed between 3–18 months of age
- Repair is generally successful with modern techniques
- Long-term outcomes are generally acceptable, but are still inferior to those of men without hypospadias
Complications
If left untreated, more severe forms can interfere with sexual intercourse in adulthood.
